Paloma Ochoa
december, 2025
COP30, held in Belém, Brazil, in November 2025, marked a turning point in the integration of agri-food systems into the core of global climate governance. Against a backdrop of increasing pressure on food security, adaptation financing, and ecosystem protection, the agreements reached reinforced the role of the agricultural sector as a key actor in mitigation and adaptation. This paper analyzes the main outcomes of COP30, with a particular focus on the decisions, commitments, and mechanisms related to agriculture, and assesses their opportunities, limitations, and challenges. It also examines the outlook for COP31, identifying the key issues likely to shape the next round of negotiations and their implications for developing countries and agricultural export economies.
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